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One of the newer techniques for removing certain dissolved gases from water uses membranes. With these special membranes, it is possible to remove gas from water in an energy-efficient way and without the addition of chemicals.

The degassing membrane consists of thousands of micro-porous polypropylene hollow fibre membranes (similar to straws) wound around a distribution pipe. Because the hollow fibre membranes are hydrophobic (water-repellent), the aqueous stream cannot penetrate through the pores but the gas can. The gas can be removed at the pores by applying a higher pressure on the aqueous side than on the gas side. If very low values of dissolved gases need to be realised, it is possible to apply a vacuum on the suction side – where relevant, in combination with a stripping gas (usually nitrogen). This creates a driving force that moves dissolved gases from the water phase into the gas phase. In some cases, for example, oxygen levels of <10 ppb can be achieved.

Besides removing known gases such as ammonium, oxygen and carbon dioxide, it is also possible to remove methane from water. Various studies show that methane can be removed from groundwater to achieve low values. In favourable situations, this methane can even be recovered and used as an energy source.

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